xdp-phrosh: Fix linting and formatting and also check them in CI

Rust has some nice tools for linting and formatting check. Let's use them.

For linting, I have used pedantic as it Clippy itself uses it and it also has some nice suggestions. The other disabled-by-default groups - restricted and style has conflicting suggestions and needs a lot of #[allow(...)] attributes.

Even with pedantic, there are some suggestions that are not applicable to use, like forcing default for new functions etc. I have disabled them selectively.

For formatting check, we use some features from nightly as it has better imports organization.

Finally, we check them in CI too so we can keep everything balanced.