Upgrades erroneously marked as downgrades
I've seen gnome-software list upgrades as downgrades multiple times, as far as I can remember always of this form:
The old version has a debian_revision with two numeric parts, and the new has just one. Because of this it seems it sees the new version as a lower version than the old, and calls it a downgrade. Neither apt nor appstreamcli compare-versions call this a downgrade.
I've found cb81a293 pointing to an earlier issue with version sorting.
I'm running Debian bullseye, I have gnome-software version 3.30.6-5+b1, and libappstream-glib8 version 0.7.16-1. I do however see the Debian package requires libappstream-glib8 (>= 0.7.10). That could possibly mean it's built with a version without as_utils_vercmp_full, which could explain this behavior.
