The way we use CC_VERSION macro is to give information on the compiler
used during build. This information may be useful when debugging in
particular. So we can't just use `cc.version()` which only gives a
version number, not even the name of the compiler.

Restore the logics of autotools where we were using the result of `cc
-v` (for gcc and clang) and testing various CLI options for other
compilers.

Also this test may fail on meson because of various bugs, which I now
reported and provided patch for (hopefully soon merged). In particular,
when using ccache, the command run fails (also I have to change newlines
in C-style `\n` myself as meson's set_quoted() creates broken header
when newlines are present).

If it fails, let's at least store the compiler name + its version, still
more useful than version only.